Arthrosis of the hip joint is a disease, which is also called coksartrosis and occurs in a person due to a decrease in the amount of the emitted synovial fluid in the joint cavity.The consequence is a violation of the nutrition of cartilage and the gradual destruction of the articular surfaces.The disease is inherent in a chronic course, characterized not by inflammatory, but by degenerative change in cartilage tissue and gradual deformation of bone tissues.
Treatment of coksartrosis is a long and difficult process, the solution of which is the revetologist, choosing the correct treatment regimen.With improper treatment, deep deformation with depletion of articular structures is possible, the disease is rapidly progressing and can lead to disability and complete loss of motor activity of the affected joint.
Symptoms
Timely detection of the disease is an important component for further successful treatment.But at the initial stage of the disease, the symptoms are few and limited only to a local pain, without any obvious signs and external changes (lack of edema, color change and structure).Because of this, in most cases, a person simply does not pay due attention to the manifestation of these signs, postponing a visit to the doctor and thereby allowing the disease to slowly and correctly progress.
There are four degrees of arthrosis and at each stage there are certain symptoms inherent in 1, 2 3 or 4 stages, but there are a certain series of symptoms, when detecting which you should immediately consult a doctor to detect a true disease.Such symptoms include:
- Strong pain in the thigh, groin.The pain is real and subsides after a short rest.
- Morning stiffness of the joints.A distinctive feature of articular diseases, manifested mainly in the morning, after a long holiday.It is characterized by limiting the mobility of the limb, stiffness, unpleasant sensations.Usually it is necessary about an hour after waking up to disappear symptoms.
- A crunch in the joint, clinging sounds when walking.
- Changing gait, the appearance of lameness.
- The appearance of the difference in the length of the limbs.This symptom is found in the later stages of the disease, shortening or lengthening of the affected limb is associated with a change in the structure of the pelvis, its deformation.
The above symptoms are common and are found in many other diseases, which is why it is necessary to consult a good specialist, with additional research methods for the correct differential diagnosis with other similar diseases and making an accurate diagnosis.
Reasons
As they grow old, the human body wears out and there is a gradual slowdown in the work of all systems and organs, the metabolism slows down.This applies to the state of bones, articular bags and cartilage, which, under the influence of constant loads, are thinned and deformed over time.The amount of synovial fluid filling the joint cavity is lost, which causes a decrease in natural depreciation and increasing the load, followed by the destruction of the joint cartilage.
In addition to physiological, associated with natural age -related changes in the body, other reasons for the occurrence of arthrosis of the hip joint include:
- Heavy physical labor.
- Heredity (it belongs to the hip joint dysplasia).
- Excess weight.Excess body weight increases the load on the musculoskeletal system.
- Hormonal disorders.
- Inflammatory diseases (infectious arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis).
- Post -traumatic arthrosis of the hip joint appears 20–40% after injuries.
Types and degree of disease
Based on the results of the clinical picture and on the basis of radiological indicators, 4 degrees of disease are distinguished.
The first degree
If the disease is detected at this stage, treatment is the most effective, the affected joint can be preserved by ensuring the correct treatment regimen, without the need for surgery.But recognizing the disease at this stage is not so simple, because the symptoms that manifest itself are insignificant and characterized by such symptoms:
- Morning stiffness.
- Pain in the groin.
- Minor, aching pain that occurs during physical exertion in the area of hip joints.
- On radiography, in the presence of 1 degree of the disease, there is a slight narrowing of the joint gap, single foci of sealing hyalin cartilage, bone growths in the swivel area are possible.
The second degree
The second degree of the disease is manifested by more pronounced symptoms.This stage is characterized by:
- The appearance of pulling, aching pain in the joints, not only after physical exertion, but also when performing minor motor activity.The pain intensifies in the evening and at night.
- When performing motor activity, a change in the gait appears.There is a “duck walk”, a person limping after a long walk, trying to rely on a healthy leg, thereby protect the affected by the sore joint.
- There is a violation in the movement of the affected hip joint, the difficulty of leaving the affected limb.
- The X -ray marks a significant narrowing of the joint gap, as well as bone growth.
The third degree
The clinical picture has pronounced manifestations in which there are:
- Constant severe pain at loads and at rest.
- Full loss of motor activity of the affected joint.
- The appearance of the difference in the length of the limbs.The leg with the affected joint becomes shorter than a healthy limb.
- The X -ray marks the complete destruction of the hyalin cartilage, the growth of large osteophytes, the destruction of the femur.
The fourth degree
Arthrosis of the pelvis of the 4th degree is characterized by the complete atrophy of the muscles surrounding the hip joint of the affected limb.At 4 stages, a complete loss of physical function is also noted.The patient is not able to step on the sore leg and cannot do without crutches.On the X -ray, there are osteocosclerosis of the bones, large -scale bone growths and the complete absence of a joint gap.
The treatment of this stage is possible only by an operational way.
Diagnostics
To make an accurate diagnosis and conduct timely treatment, a number of certain studies are necessary.Diagnosis is carried out in several stages.
- General inspection, collection of anamnesis of the disease.The doctor will clarify the information about the presence of injuries, related diseases and an existing lifestyle.A correctly conducted examination helps to correctly make a diagnosis, determine the degree of disease and eliminate a number of diseases that have similar symptoms, such as arthritis, sacroiles.
- In addition to the examination, the attending physician prescribes the necessary laboratory examinations.
- X -ray examination is a mandatory diagnostic point.A study of the hip joint of both legs is carried out, even if the patient's complaints apply to only one limb.
- Computed tomography is considered as an additional research method.Using CT, you can study the nature and degree of damage to the femur and articular surfaces.
Treatment of arthrosis
When suspicious symptoms and pain in the hip joint appear, a person primarily arises the question of which doctor treats such conditions and how self -medication occurs.
At the first symptoms, it is necessary to seek help in making a diagnosis and treatment with a rheumatologist, while the treatment of more severe forms of arthrosis is engaged in an orthopedist.
Treatment depends on the degree of disease and nature of manifestation.The treatment regimen is selected by a doctor for each patient individually.The basic principles of treatment include events such as:
- Drug treatment.
- Diet.
- Physiotherapy.
- Massage.
- Gymnastics.
- Kineseoteiping (taping the hip joint with special patchings).
- They resort to the help of canes and crutches to remove the load from the affected joint.
Drug therapy
The treatment regimen for lesions of the hip joint without fail includes medications.The sooner you start therapy, the more likely it is to limit the treatment of conservative methods, without the need for surgical intervention.
The diagram of drug treatment includes a complex of drugs:
- To relieve pain, as well as reducing the inflammatory process, non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs are used.
- When the fluid is accumulated in the joint cavity, intra -articular injections are used.
- For feeding tissues and improving blood circulation, chondroprotectors are used.
- Locally use therapeutic ointments, applying to the area of the affected joint.
Physiotherapeutic procedures
The physiotherapeutic method is aimed at improving the blood supply to the affected joints and improving metabolic processes.Physiuming of arthrosis of the hip joint includes:
- Magnet-laser therapy.It helps to reduce pain, improve the mobility of the affected joint.
- Laser treatment.The action of the light laser is aimed at removing the inflammatory process, reducing edema, as well as restoration of cartilage.
- Thermal therapy.It includes mudding, paraffin therapy, due to the thermal effect on the affected area, blood circulation improves and metabolic processes are normalized.
Each type of physiotherapeutic procedures has a positive effect on the affected joints, but at the same time a number of contraindications.It is not allowed to conduct physiotherapy during pregnancy, oncology, tuberculosis.
Massage and therapeutic gymnastics
This group of therapeutic measures is an integral part in the complex treatment of coxarthrosis.
The benefits of massage and therapeutic gymnastics:
- Improving blood circulation.
- Removing muscle spasm.
- Increasing motor activity in the affected joint.
- Reducing pain.
- An increase in diastasis in the joint of the affected joint.
Massage sessions are allowed to be carried out at all stages of the disease, but for each stage, maintaining certain conditions.Therapeutic massage is carried out only by a specially trained specialist, each massage session occurs in several stages:
- Back massage.It is performed with the help of stroking movements with the palms, helps to increase blood circulation and prepare for the next stage.
- Manual massage of the lower back.It consists in the same stroking, rubbing and kneading the lumbar region.
- Massage of the sacral and berry area.
- Thigh massage.During this stage, the specialist carries out pressing and rubbing massage movements, capturing the area of the affected joint.
At 1 and 2 stages of the disease, it is recommended to conduct a self -massage session, devoting to the process at least 5 minutes daily.
During the self -massage session, the sequence of actions is also important, it is necessary to alternately perform the following exercises:
- Massage the area of the back with your palms, making the ascending and descending stroking along the spine, and then make rubbing movements with the back of the fists.
- In a standing position, begin massage of the buttocks, making stroking from hips to sacrum and lumbar region.Having finished stroking to start rubbing.
- The final stage is the massage of the hip muscles, which is carried out in a sitting position.Alternate stroking, rubbing and kneading are performed.
3 and 4 stages of the disease suggest massage after a surgical operation, a course of therapeutic massage is carried out for speedy rehabilitation.
Massage sessions are best alternated with a course of therapeutic gymnastics.Gymnastics for arthrosis is aimed at increasing blood flow in the muscles of the hip joint, which contributes to better saturation of joints with nutrients.
Each author's technique has its own characteristics and a number of contraindications, to determine which scheme of gymnastic exercises to adhere to the attending physician will adhere to.
At home, you can perform a number of simple exercises, such as:
- In the position of lying on the back, slowly, alternately lift each leg at an angle of 50 degrees.
- Lying on the back, bending your legs and raising your head from the floor, try to reach the knees.
- In a standing position, take it off and raise her straight leg back, trying to hold it in this position for a couple of seconds.
When engaged in gymnastics, it is important not to rush and perform tasks as much as possible, while maintaining an even, calm breath.Sharp, inaccurate movements can cause injuries.It is important to remember that only the attending physician can prescribe exercises, based on the condition of a particular patient.In addition, the exercises should be performed in the presence of a specialist to control the correctness of the exercise.
Diet therapy
The diet has an important role in treatment.In the treatment of arthrosis, it is recommended to use 1600-1800 kcal per day, distributing the daily volume of 5-6 meals.Food should be balanced and rich vitamins and trace elements.With overweight, a well -chosen diet will help reduce weight, thereby reducing the load on the sore joint.
Observing the proper diet, you need to take into account which products must be included in the daily menu, and also what should be completely excluded from your diet.
| Recommended: | It is necessary to limit: |
| Aspic | Strong coffee |
| Vegetables, fruits | Alcoholic drinks |
| Low -fat varieties of meat and fish | Bakery products |
| Milk and dairy products | Salt |
| Green | |
| Legumes | |
| Buckwheat | |
| Nuts |
It is necessary to include a sufficient amount of vegetables and fruits in the food, increase the consumption of dairy products, it is worth paying special attention to products, rich animal proteins (beef, turkey, chicken, low -fat fish varieties).It is recommended to include in the menu jelly, rich in collagen, contributing to the strengthening and restoration of cartilage tissue of the joints.
Surgery
Treatment of arthrosis of the hip joint in the early stages is limited by conservative methods.Often a rather correctly selected scheme of drug treatment and the appointment of auxiliary methods to improve the condition of the patient and slow down the progression of the disease.Treatment of 3 and 4 degrees of arthrosis in a number of cases implies the need for surgical intervention, which consists in the operation to replace the joint.
When do you need an operation?
1 and 2 stages of arthrosis of the hip joint are treated without surgical intervention, at 3 and 4, sooner or later there is a need for surgery.The operation is proposed to the patient when changes in the joint reach the extreme stage with complete destruction of the joint cartilage and large -scale growth of bone tissues.
After the operation, in the rehabilitation period, massage and exercise therapy are prescribed for speedy restoration of motor activity.
Traditional medicine
What is arthrosis of the hip joint and how to treat it in detail by the doctor Rheumatologist.After consulting the attending physician and the appointment of treatment regimen, it is recommended, as auxiliary methods of treatment, to consider folk medicines.Treatment of arthrosis with folk recipes is a good additional method and helps reduce pain, relieve edema, increase joint mobility.
In the treatment of folk remedies, 2 methods are used:
- For taking inside (decoctions, tinctures of healing herbs).
- For local use (ointments, compresses, wrapping).
To eliminate the main symptoms of the disease, a tincture based on a saber is used:
- The swamp saber must be mixed with medical alcohol in a ratio of 1:10 and removed for several weeks in a dark place.
- Then boil, strain and use to receive 1 tbsp.l.3 times a day.
- At night, you can rub the tincture directly into the area of the affected joint, to relieve inflammation and reduce pain.
The compress based on cabbage leaves has proven itself in the treatment: several cabbage leaves and a leaf of burdock should be mixed, knead with your hands until the juice is formed and attached to the lesion for 30 minutes.This method helps to reduce inflammation and pain.
In the treatment of folk remedies, medicinal herbs are actively used, these include: St. John's wort, mint, chamomile, celandine.To obtain a healing ointment, it is necessary to grind the grass by mixing them with a petroleum jelly or baby cream and slowly rub the ointment into the joint immediately after cooking.
All additional methods of treatment should be considered only as auxiliary methods that are unable to independently cure such ailment, and considered in combination with drug treatment, to enhance the action in the complex of therapeutic procedures.
Prevention
For the prevention of the disease, it is recommended to carefully monitor your health, give due attention to strengthen immunity, lead a healthy lifestyle and carefully monitor the quality of nutrition.
Also an important measure in the prevention of arthrosis is the prevention of hypothermia and restriction of physical exertion.People with an excess body weight are recommended to observe a diet aimed at reducing weight and preventing the load on the musculoskeletal system.
For general strengthening of immunity, preference is given to hardening and balanced physical exertion.
Pregnancy and childbirth
Dylastic arthrosis of the hip joint is the congenital pathology of the hip joint, which occurs due to the improper formation of articular tissues during intrauterine development.In most cases, with timely detection of the disease, this pathology is successfully cured over time, but leaves the risk of developing arthrosis of the hip joint in adulthood.
During pregnancy, in the presence of arthrosis of the hip joint, the overall load on the affected joint increases, due to an increase in the total weight of the body, this factor significantly aggravates the course of the disease.In addition to increasing the load due to the growth of body weight, in pregnant women, the eating of the joints worsens and the metabolism slows down, this is due to an increase in the costs of the body's own resources to provide everything necessary for the fetus.
A pregnant woman, in the presence of such a disease as arthrosis of the hip joint, is strongly recommended to observe certain conditions throughout pregnancy, namely:
- Limit motor activity, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy, when the load on the sore joint is maximum.
- Constant observation by the doctor is necessary.
- It is recommended to follow the doctor's recommendations.
- Swimming classes favorably affect the distribution of load in the body, increase muscle mass in the area of the affected joint, and voltage removal.
Forecast
With timely diagnosis of arthrosis of the hip joint, the prognosis is favorable.If the disease is detected in the first stages, then the treatment is provided with a conservative way, the development of the disease slows down, and is often completely cured, if it does not reach 2 degrees at the time of diagnosis.
At 3 and 4 stages of the disease, when performing a timely surgical operation, the forecast also remains favorable, with the condition of compliance with all the prescriptions recommended by the doctor and the exercise of constant control of the attending doctor.With well -conducted operating actions, the artificial joint serves for several decades.
Complications
The main and most unfavorable complication is possible disability.Disability occurs due to the complete loss of motor activity of the injured joint.With a symmetrical lesion of both joints, a person loses the ability to move independently, which significantly limits the lifestyle, and also creates a risk for the emergence of other complications (stagnant pneumonia, pressure sore).
In order to prevent such serious consequences, it is recommended to begin treatment when identifying the first signs, preventing the progression of the disease.